Mycosis: what is it: understand the causes and symptoms
Mycosis is a fungal infection that affects millions of people around the world.
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This condition occurs when there is an excessive growth of skin fungus, nails or scalp. In Brazil, Fiocruz points out the pityriasis versicolor, tinea and candidiasis as the main ones types of mycosis on the skin.
You ringworm symptoms vary, but generally include severe itching, blotchy skin, and flaking. In cases of candidiasis, for example, women may experience discharge and itching in the genital region. onychomycosis affects the nails, changing their texture and color.
To the causes of mycosis are diverse. The heat and humidity of the Brazilian summer favor the proliferation of skin fungus. In addition, contact with infected people or animals, as well as the shared use of contaminated objects, can lead to the development of this disease. fungal infection.
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An accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Typically, a dermatologist will assess the symptoms and perform specific tests. Treatment can last from 30 to 60 days, depending on the severity of the infection, and involves the use of antifungal medications, such as creams, tablets or even medicated nail polish.
Definition of ringworm: what you need to know
Mycoses are common fungal infections that affect the skin, nails and hair. Caused by pathogenic fungi, these conditions can range from mild to severe. The types of mycosis most frequent include candidiasis, he had, pityriasis versicolor and onychomycosis.
Candidiasis, transmitted by the fungus Candida albicans, can occur in the mouth, vagina, penis and intestine. Ringworm is characterized by red, scaly patches, common on the feet and scalp. pityriasis versicolor presents small spots, mainly affecting young people with oily skin.
THE onychomycosis, which affects the nails, causing changes in color, detachment and fragility. This form of mycosis is more common in people over 55 years of age and can lead to nail deformities.
Treatment for mycoses varies from 30 to 60 days, and may extend to more than 12 months in cases of onychomycosis.
Diagnosis of fungal infections is based on clinical history, physical examination and analysis of samples from the lesions. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fungus and includes topical and oral medications and antifungal creams.
| Type of Mycosis | Affected Area | Common Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Candidiasis | Mouth, genitals, intestines | White lesions, fissures, inflammation |
| He had | Feet, scalp | Red, scaly, itchy patches |
| Pityriasis versicolor | Skin (trunk, arms) | Small spots, peeling |
| Onychomycosis | Fingernails and toenails | Discoloration, thickening, brittleness |
Prevention of fungal infections includes drying the skin thoroughly after bathing, avoiding wearing damp clothing for long periods of time, and not sharing personal items. Controlling diabetes and using antibiotics in moderation also helps prevent fungal infections.
Mycosis: what is it: a detailed explanation
Mycosis is a fungal pathology that affects millions of people around the world. In the field of medical mycology, is defined as an infection caused by fungi that feed on the keratin present in the skin, hair and nails. These microorganisms are found in the soil, in animals or transmitted between people.
Mycoses can be classified into four main types:
- Superficial
- Cutaneous
- Subcutaneous
- Systemic
The superficial and cutaneous forms are the most common, affecting the epidermis, hair and nails. dermatophytosis, for example, are fungal infections that affect the superficial layer of the skin.
In Brazil, approximately 3.8 million people are diagnosed with fungal diseases annually. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology recognizes four main types of mycosis:
| Type of Mycosis | Features |
|---|---|
| He had | It affects different parts of the body, such as feet and scalp. |
| Candidiasis | Caused by the fungus Candida, common in moist areas of the body |
| Beach mycosis | Also called pityriasis versicolor, more common in summer |
| Nail fungus | Mainly affects adults over 55 years of age |
Accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are key to combating these fungal infections. Prevention includes maintaining a good personal hygiene and avoid environments conducive to the development of fungi.
Main types of mycoses and their characteristics
Fungal infections are infections caused by fungi that affect different parts of the body. There are several types of fungal infections, each with its own characteristics. Let's take a look at the main ones:
Thrush is a common infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. It mainly affects the mouth and genitals of both men and women. In women, vaginal yeast infections can be transmitted during sexual intercourse.
Pityriasis versicolor, also known as “white patch,” is caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur. It presents as scaly patches on the skin, usually on the trunk, abdomen, neck, and sometimes the face. This infection is not contagious.
Onychomycosis, or nail fungus, is most common in toenails. It causes nails to become yellow, thick, hollow, brittle, and misshapen. Different types of fungi can cause this condition.
THE tinea includes several infections, such as athlete's foot (chilblains), tinea cruris (jock itch) and tinea of the scalp. Athlete's foot affects the soles of the feet and between the toes. Tinea cruris occurs in people who are obese or who wear tight clothing. Tinea of the scalp causes hair loss and flaking.
| Type of Mycosis | Affected Area | Main Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Candidiasis | Mouth and genitals | Itching, redness, discharge |
| Pityriasis versicolor | Trunk, abdomen, neck | Scaly patches on the skin |
| Onychomycosis | Nails (hands and feet) | Yellowish, thick, brittle nails |
| Tinea (athlete's foot) | Feet and between the toes | Itching, flaking, bad odor |
Causes and risk factors for the development of mycoses
Mycoses are infections caused by fungi that can affect various parts of the body. Understanding the predisposing factors is essential to prevent and treat these conditions. The hot and humid environment is one of the main catalysts for the development of mycoses, especially during the summer.
THE immunosuppression is a critical factor that increases vulnerability to fungal infections. People with weakened immune systems, whether due to diseases such as HIV/AIDS or the use of immunosuppressive medications, are more susceptible to opportunistic mycoses, such as aspergillosis and candidiasis.
THE excessive humidity creates ideal conditions for the growth of fungi. Walking barefoot in damp public places, such as swimming pools and locker rooms, increases the risk of contracting foot fungus. Wearing tight or synthetic clothing also contributes to moisture retention, favoring the emergence of fungal infections.
Other risk factors include diabetes, prolonged use of antibiotics, contact with infected animals, and sharing personal items. Maintaining a good personal hygiene and avoiding direct contact with infected people are important measures to prevent the spread of mycoses.
- Excessive sweating
- Circulation problems
- Bad hygiene
- Contact with infected people or animals
It is important to note that some fungal infections are endemic in certain regions. For example, histoplasmosis is common in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys in the United States, while paracoccidioidomycosis is prevalent in South America.
Common Symptoms of Yeast Infections
To the clinical manifestations of mycoses vary according to the type and the affected area. signs of mycosis The most common symptoms include intense itching and patches on the skin, which can be white, red or dark. Fungal lesions also cause flaking, redness and inflammation.
In cases of foot fungus, known as “athlete’s foot”, cracks between the toes are common. In genital infections, secretion and discharge may occur. Nails affected by fungus undergo changes such as thickening, detachment and change in color.
The scalp can also be affected by mycoses, causing lesions and hair loss. Tinea capitis, for example, mainly affects children between the ages of 2 and 10, causing hair breakage and partial alopecia.
| Type of Mycosis | Main Symptoms | Affected Area |
|---|---|---|
| Candidiasis | Itching, redness, discharge | Skin, mucous membranes, nails |
| Tinea pedis | Itching, flaking, cracking | Feet, between the toes |
| Onychomycosis | Thickening, detachment | Nails |
| Tinea capitis | Hair loss, flaking | Scalp |
It is important to note that symptoms can be progressive and intensify during the summer, due to increased humidity and heat. Early identification of signs of mycosis is essential for effective treatment and prevention of complications.
Diagnosis of mycoses: methods and tests
Accurate diagnosis of fungal infections is essential for proper treatment. Dermatologists use different methods to identify these fungal infections. direct mycological examination It is a simple and economical technique, very effective for detecting superficial and cutaneous mycoses.
THE fungal culture is essential for isolating and identifying the specific pathogen. Sabouraud Agar is the most commonly used culture medium in this process. For a more detailed analysis, microcultivation allows the microscopic study of the characteristics of the fungus.
Other methods include:
- Biological tests: differentiate species of the same genus
- Biochemical tests: assess specific capabilities of fungi
- Intradermal reaction: used in epidemiological studies
- Serology: helps in diagnosis and prognosis
- Molecular techniques: genetically analyze fungi
THE Wood's lamp, which emits UV light, is useful for detecting certain fungal infections on the skin. In specific cases, blood or urine tests may be ordered.
A recent study analyzed 1603 mycological reports, revealing that 36,24% of the cases presented direct mycological examination negative, but culture positive. This highlights the importance of combining different methods for an accurate diagnosis of mycoses.
Effective treatments to combat mycoses
THE antifungal therapy is essential to eliminate mycoses. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the infection and can last from 1 to 4 weeks or even months in more complex cases.
You topical antifungals are the first line of defense against superficial mycoses. Ointments, creams and lotions containing active ingredients such as Clotrimazole and Miconazole are effective in treating skin lesions.
For more extensive or resistant infections, oral medications are prescribed. Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Terbinafine are common options in these cases. For scalp mycoses, shampoos with Ketoconazole are indicated.
Treatment of onychomycosis requires special attention. Medicated nail polishes containing Amorolfine or Ciclopirox olamine are applied to the affected nails weekly. This process can last for 6 to 12 months, depending on the location.
| Type of Mycosis | Treatment | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Skin mycosis | Topical antifungals | 1-4 weeks |
| Extensive mycosis | Oral medications | 2-6 weeks |
| Scalp ringworm | Antifungal shampoos | 4-8 weeks |
| Onychomycosis (hands) | Medicated nail polish | 6 months |
| Onychomycosis (feet) | Medicated nail polish | 9-12 months |
During treatment, always keep the affected area clean and dry, avoid wearing damp clothing and do not share personal items. By following medical advice correctly, it is possible to effectively combat mycoses and prevent recurrences.
Prevention of mycoses: essential habits and care
THE prevention of fungal infections is essential to maintain the skin health. With more than 100 species of fungi causing mycoses, adopting habits of personal hygiene Proper hygiene is essential. Drying your body thoroughly after bathing, especially in folds, is a simple and effective practice.
Wearing cotton clothing and open-toed shoes encourages perspiration, reducing the environment conducive to the development of fungi. Avoiding walking barefoot in damp public places, such as locker rooms and pool areas, is also crucial in prevention of fungal infections.
You skin care go beyond basic hygiene. It is important to avoid sharing personal items such as towels and brushes. People with compromised immune systems should be extra careful, as they are more susceptible to fungal infections.
Daily hygiene is directly linked to the prevention of mycosis and provides greater longevity and quality of life.
Check out some essential preventive measures:
- Dry your body well after bathing, swimming or going to the beach.
- Wear ventilated shoes
- Avoid clothing that is too tight or made of synthetic fabrics.
- Do not share personal items
- Maintain good general health
| Type of Mycosis | Affected Area | Specific Prevention |
|---|---|---|
| Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) | Feet | Wearing flip-flops in damp public areas |
| Candidiasis | Moist areas of the body | Keep areas dry, wear cotton clothing |
| Onychomycosis | Nails | Cut your nails regularly, avoid shared manicures |
| Pityriasis versicolor | Trunk and arms | Avoid excessive sun exposure, use sunscreen |
Possible complications of untreated mycoses
Untreated fungal infections can develop into serious health problems. fungal spread is a real risk and can affect different parts of the body. When the infection spreads, it increases the chance of secondary infections, especially bacterial, due to skin lesions.
In more severe cases, especially in people with compromised immune systems, systemic complications become a concern. This can lead to problems in internal organs, such as the lungs, which are more susceptible to fungal infections than you might think.
Chronic fungal infections not only cause physical discomfort, but also impact quality of life. Persistent symptoms such as intense itching, redness and changes in skin color can cause significant emotional distress.
| Type of Mycosis | Possible Complications |
|---|---|
| Candidiasis | Systemic infections, gastrointestinal problems |
| Onychomycosis | Permanent nail damage, bacterial infections |
| Dermatophytosis | Spread to other areas of the body, secondary infections |
| Paracoccidioidomycosis | Severe pulmonary complications, incapacitation |
It is crucial to seek medical help at the first sign of ringworm. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, whether with oral or topical antifungals, are essential to avoid serious and potentially debilitating complications.
Conclusion
Mycoses are fungal infections that affect millions of people in Brazil and around the world. treatment of mycoses is essential to avoid complications and ensure the skin health. Recent data show that 101% of adults and 201% of the elderly suffer from onychomycosis, a common form of nail fungus.
THE prevention of fungal infections is essential, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, where the humid climate favors its development. The Brazilian Ministry of Health is implementing a surveillance system for endemic mycoses, aiming to improve prevention and control policies.
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Laboratory tests, such as culture and direct visualization, are common methods for identifying the type of fungus. For cases of onychomycosis, laser treatment has been shown to be effective, destroying the fungi at temperatures between 40 and 60°C.
Remember: the skin health depends on daily care and attention to the first signs of infection. If you notice ringworm symptoms, consult a dermatologist to get the appropriate treatment and avoid future complications.
FAQ
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